Hyperpigmentation can result from various factors, including sun exposure, inflammation, and hormonal changes. Sun spots, age spots, melasma, freckles, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) are different types of an excess production of melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. Professional treatments like chemical peels, microneedling and laser therapy are common to treat the spots. Topical ingredients like niacinamide, vitamine C and retinoids can help to reduce the pigmentation. Daily use of broad-spectrum SPF 30 or higher to prevent further darkening and protect treated areas.
